Penetration into rock-rubble overlays

Rock-rubble overlays can be used for protection against projectiles. Due to the asymmetric and stochastic properties of a rock-rubble overlay, incoming projectiles can be deflected or may even ricochet. In this report we investigate penetration into rock-rubble overlays using the numerical code IMPETUS. The numerical results were seen to be in surprisingly good agreement with the only known empirical formula for penetration depth.